IELTS, TOEFL and Ultimate AIUB Admission Tests Style FAQs by Bright Prep Verbal
Section A: Vocabulary
1. Choose the word closest in meaning to “hailed” as used in the passage.
A. Criticized
B. Praised
C. Ignored
D. Questioned
2. “Formidable opponents” means opponents who are:
A. Easy to defeat
B. Inexperienced
C. Strong and difficult to defeat
D. Uninterested
3. Choose the antonym of “historic.”
A. Memorable
B. Significant
C. Ordinary
D. Remarkable
4. What does “emphatic” mean in the passage?
A. Weak and uncertain
B. Decisive and convincing
C. Slow and careful
D. Unexpected and accidental
5. The word “surreal” most nearly means:
A. Seeming unreal or unbelievable
B. Completely ordinary
C. Extremely disappointing
D. Clearly predictable
6. Choose the closest meaning of “extraordinary.”
A. Common
B. Exceptional
C. Unimportant
D. Average
7. What does “ambitions” mean in the phrase “cricketing ambitions”?
A. Fears
B. Arguments
C. Goals and aspirations
D. Problems
8. Choose the antonym of “dominate.”
A. Control
B. Overpower
C. Submit
D. Defeat
Section B: Grammar
9. Identify the tense of the underlined verb:
“Bangladesh sealed a historic nine-wicket victory.”
A. Present perfect
B. Simple past
C. Past perfect
D. Simple present
10. Choose the correct form:
“Hasan Mahmud ______ a career-best 6-55.”
A. take
B. takes
C. took
D. taking
11. Choose the correct preposition:
“Bangladesh won its first Test ______ Australian soil.”
A. at
B. on
C. in
D. by
12. Choose the grammatically correct sentence.
A. Bangladesh have won the match inside four days.
B. Bangladesh has won the match inside four days.
C. Bangladesh winning the match inside four days.
D. Bangladesh win the match inside four days yesterday.
13. Identify the voice:
“Australia were bowled out for 198.”
A. Active voice
B. Passive voice
C. Reflexive voice
D. Interrogative voice
14. Change into active voice:
“Australia were bowled out for 198 by Bangladesh.”
A. Bangladesh bowled Australia out for 198.
B. Bangladesh was bowling Australia for 198.
C. Australia bowled Bangladesh out for 198.
D. Bangladesh has been bowled out by Australia.
15. Choose the correct conjunction:
“Bangladesh had been bowled out for 54 in the warm-up match, ______ they went on to defeat Australia.”
A. because
B. but
C. so
D. unless
16. Choose the correct article:
“Tanzid Hasan scored ______ maiden Test century.”
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. no article
17. Identify the part of speech of “historic” in:
“Bangladesh secured a historic victory.”
A. Noun
B. Verb
C. Adjective
D. Adverb
18. Identify the part of speech of “extraordinarily” in a sentence such as:
“Bangladesh played extraordinarily well.”
A. Adjective
B. Adverb
C. Noun
D. Preposition
19. Choose the correct comparative form:
“Bangladesh’s performance was ______ than many people expected.”
A. impressive
B. more impressive
C. most impressive
D. impressively
20. Choose the grammatically correct sentence.
A. Neither the players nor the captain were disappointed.
B. Neither the players nor the captain was disappointed.
C. Neither the captain nor the players was disappointed.
D. Neither players nor captain were disappointed.
Section C: Reasoning
21. The word “formidable” most nearly means:
A. Weak
B. Ordinary
C. Powerful and difficult to defeat
D. Inexperienced
22. The word “emphatic” means:
A. Uncertain
B. Decisive and convincing
C. Narrow
D. Unfortunate
23. What does “surreal” most nearly mean?
A. Difficult to believe or seeming unreal
B. Extremely boring
C. Completely predictable
D. Highly disappointing
AIUB Admission Info
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IBM in collaboration with researchers from the University of Chicago has announced a major breakthrough in quantum computing by demonstrating what it describes as the first realization of verifiable quantum advantage. The achievement combines two long-standing goals in the field: performing computations beyond the practical capabilities of today's best classical simulation methods while providing strong evidence that the quantum computer's results are accurate.
The findings are detailed in the paper "Sampling Hard Circuits with Verifiably High Fidelity," which introduces a new approach to constructing encoded quantum circuits. This method enables large-scale logical quantum computations while allowing researchers to verify the fidelity of the results. The circuits and experimental data have also been made publicly available through the Quantum Advantage Tracker.
For years, researchers have relied on Random Circuit Sampling (RCS) as the standard benchmark for demonstrating quantum advantage. In an RCS experiment, a quantum computer generates highly complex output patterns that are believed to be impractical for classical computers to reproduce.
However, RCS presents a fundamental challenge: as quantum circuits become more complex, verifying the correctness of their outputs becomes increasingly difficult. Once classical computers can no longer simulate the circuit efficiently, they also lose the ability to independently confirm whether the quantum computer produced the correct answer.
To overcome this limitation, IBM and the University of Chicago developed a structured alternative to traditional RCS. Their new circuit design preserves the computational complexity required for quantum advantage while incorporating mechanisms that detect errors during ex*****on, making the results significantly easier to verify.
"Verification remains one of the biggest challenges in firmly establishing experimental quantum advantage," said Bill Fefferman, Associate Professor at the University of Chicago. "This experiment develops techniques to better characterize the fidelity of hard quantum states under noise, increasing confidence that the quantum computer is solving a computationally hard problem."
Soumik Ghosh, a PhD student in Fefferman's research group, added that advances in verification will not only strengthen experimental validation but could also help unlock practical applications for the next generation of quantum computers.
One of the Largest Logical Quantum Computing Demonstrations
The experiment represents one of the largest demonstrations of logical quantum computing to date. Researchers successfully executed computations using 70 logical qubits, performing 2,415 logical two-qubit operations and 468 logical T gates, both important measures of quantum circuit complexity.
Because the computation was protected by quantum error correction, the logical qubits experienced error rates approximately ten times lower than the underlying physical qubits. This substantial reduction enabled the system to maintain exceptionally high computational fidelity despite executing thousands of logical operations.
"We are now firmly in the quantum advantage era," said Jay Gambetta, IBM Fellow and Director of IBM Research. "We have demonstrated a quantum computation beyond the practical reach of classical computers that establishes, with statistical confidence, a lower bound on how faithfully it was executed. This milestone gives scientists, developers, and businesses a new foundation for trusting quantum computers as they scale to problems far beyond what we can achieve classically."
According to the research team, the quantum computation required approximately 15 minutes to complete on IBM's quantum hardware, while leading classical simulation methods would require prohibitively long runtimes to reproduce the same results.
Reliable error correction and confidence in computational results are widely recognized as essential milestones on the path to practical, fault-tolerant quantum computing. By combining large-scale logical quantum operations with statistically verifiable outcomes, the new demonstration represents a significant advance toward that goal.
Alongside this announcement, additional organizations within IBM's quantum ecosystem are also reporting demonstrations of quantum advantage using trusted computational methods, highlighting continued momentum across the field.
Founded in 1890, the University of Chicago is a globally recognized research institution known for advancing scholarship across science, engineering, medicine, and the humanities. Its collaborative research environment continues to produce innovations with worldwide impact.
IBM is a global technology company specializing in hybrid cloud computing, artificial intelligence, consulting, and quantum computing. Serving clients in more than 175 countries, IBM develops enterprise technologies that help organizations modernize infrastructure, improve efficiency, and accelerate digital transformation through open, secure, and scalable solutions.
SAT Reading Questions Based on the Passage
Question 1
Which choice best states the central idea of the passage?
A. IBM has developed the world's fastest quantum computer for commercial use.
B. IBM and the University of Chicago demonstrated a quantum computation that is both beyond the reach of current classical simulation methods and statistically verifiable.
C. Random Circuit Sampling is no longer useful for testing quantum computers.
D. Classical computers will soon become obsolete because of advances in quantum computing.
Question 2
According to the passage, what has been the primary limitation of Random Circuit Sampling (RCS)?
A. It requires too many logical qubits.
B. It cannot be performed on quantum computers.
C. As computations become more difficult, verifying the correctness of the results becomes infeasible.
D. It only works for classical computers.
Question 3
The word "fidelity" as used in the passage most nearly means:
A. Speed
B. Accuracy
C. Simplicity
D. Efficiency
Question 4
Why did the researchers develop encoded quantum circuits?
A. To reduce the number of physical qubits needed.
B. To make quantum computers operate more quickly.
C. To retain computational difficulty while allowing errors to be detected and results to be verified.
D. To replace logical qubits with physical qubits.
Question 5
According to the passage, why are logical qubits significant?
A. They eliminate the need for quantum gates.
B. They are protected by error correction, reducing effective error rates.
C. They are easier to simulate on classical computers.
D. They require fewer computations than physical qubits.
Question 6
Which piece of evidence best supports the claim that the experiment was conducted on a large scale?
A. The quantum computer completed the task in about 15 minutes.
B. The experiment used 70 logical qubits and performed over 2,400 logical two-qubit operations.
C. The University of Chicago was involved in the research.
D. The paper was published on the Quantum Advantage Tracker.
Question 7
The passage suggests that the researchers' new verification method primarily addresses which concern?
A. The high cost of building quantum computers
B. The difficulty of proving that quantum computers produce correct answers on extremely hard problems
C. The shortage of quantum researchers
D. The lack of commercial demand for quantum computing
Answer: B
Question 8
What can reasonably be inferred from the passage?
A. Quantum computers can now solve all practical business problems.
B. Verification techniques may help accelerate future practical applications of quantum computing.
C. Classical computers are incapable of performing scientific calculations.
D. Random Circuit Sampling has been proven incorrect.
Answer: B
Question 9
Which quotation from the passage best supports the idea that the research improves confidence in quantum computations?
A. "The University of Chicago is a leading academic and research institution..."
B. "We are now firmly in the quantum advantage era."
C. "This experiment develops techniques to better characterize the fidelity of hard quantum states under noise, increasing confidence that the quantum computer is solving a computationally hard problem."
D. "IBM is a leading provider of global hybrid cloud and AI..."
Answer: C
Question 10
The authors include the comparison between the quantum computer's runtime and classical simulation methods primarily to:
A. demonstrate that quantum computers consume less energy.
B. show that the computation performed by the quantum computer is impractical for leading classical methods.
C. prove that classical computers are no longer useful.
D. explain how logical qubits are constructed.
Answer: B
Here are AIUB (American International University-Bangladesh) admissions and GRE-style word analogy MCQs by Bright prep. These focus on relationship between words, not just vocabulary recall.
1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE : TECHNOLOGY :: MEDICINE : ______
A) Patient
B) Science
C) Disease
D) Hospital
Answer: B) Science
Explanation: Artificial intelligence is a branch of technology; medicine is a branch of science.
2. MINOR : COURSEWORK :: DEGREE : ______
A) Graduation
B) Program
C) Student
D) Admission
Answer: B) Program
Explanation: A minor consists of coursework; a degree consists of a program of study.
3. INTERDISCIPLINARY : DISCIPLINES :: MULTILINGUAL : ______
A) Languages
B) Countries
C) Speakers
D) Cultures
Answer: A) Languages
Explanation: Interdisciplinary involves multiple disciplines; multilingual involves multiple languages.
4. MACHINE LEARNING : AI :: BIOLOGY : ______
A) Chemistry
B) Science
C) Life
D) Medicine
Answer: B) Science
Explanation: Machine learning is a field within AI; biology is a field within science.
5. ETHICS : RESPONSIBILITY :: LAW : ______
A) Justice
B) Crime
C) Government
D) Punishment
Answer: A) Justice
Explanation: Ethics guides responsibility; law guides justice.
6. STUDENT : LEARNING :: MACHINE : ______
A) Thinking
B) Processing
C) Sleeping
D) Teaching
Answer: B) Processing
Explanation: Students engage in learning; machines engage in processing.
7. AI SYSTEM : LIMITATION :: HUMAN : ______
A) Intelligence
B) Ability
C) Weakness
D) Knowledge
Answer: C) Weakness
Explanation: AI systems have limitations; humans have weaknesses.
8. FACULTY : UNIVERSITY :: ENGINEER : ______
A) Design
B) Company
C) Technology
D) Project
Answer: B) Company
Explanation: Faculty belongs to a university; engineers commonly belong to companies.
9. GENERATIVE AI : CREATION :: DATA MINING : ______
A) Discovery
B) Storage
C) Destruction
D) Replacement
Answer: A) Discovery
Explanation: Generative AI creates content; data mining discovers patterns.
10. RESPONSIBLE : ETHICAL :: ACCURATE : ______
A) Correct
B) Fast
C) Complex
D) Limited
Answer: A) Correct
Explanation: Responsible is associated with ethical behavior; accurate is associated with correctness.
11. PROGRAMMING EXPERIENCE : ACCESSIBILITY :: KNOWLEDGE : ______
A) Understanding
B) Confusion
C) Competition
D) Difficulty
Answer: A) Understanding
Explanation: Programming experience affects accessibility; knowledge leads to understanding.
12. ENGINEERING : DESIGN :: BUSINESS : ______
A) Analytics
B) Marketing
C) Law
D) Accounting
Answer: A) Analytics
Explanation: AI applications are used in engineering design and business analytics.
13. CAN : SHOULD :: ABILITY : ______
A) Responsibility
B) Possibility
C) Skill
D) Power
Answer: A) Responsibility
Explanation: The passage contrasts what AI can do with what it should do; ability is balanced by responsibility.
14. CORE : COURSE :: FOUNDATION : ______
A) Building
B) Knowledge
C) Student
D) Technology
Answer: A) Building
Explanation: A core supports a course structure; a foundation supports a building.
15. ARTIFICIAL : NATURAL :: INTELLIGENT : ______
A) Human
B) Machine
C) Digital
D) Artificial
Answer: A) Human
Explanation: Artificial is contrasted with natural; intelligent systems are often contrasted with human intelligence.
14/07/2026
Bright Prep offers specialized course for AP Physics and AIUB BPharm+ Quantitative Physics preparation, providing focused instruction and practice to help students excel in their exams.
To secure admission, you can apply here: https://www.brightprep.org/apply-now
03/07/2026
United States Men’s National Soccer Team kept its momentum rolling at the 2026 FIFA World Cup on Wednesday night, and midfielder Weston McKennie celebrated the latest victory with a soundtrack that has become one of country music’s biggest hits.
After the Americans earned a 2-0 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina, McKennie shared a video from the team bus on social media, where he enthusiastically sang along to Ella Langley’s chart-topping single, “Choosin’ Texas.”
The video captures McKennie smiling as he belts out the chorus before turning the camera toward teammates Tyler Adams, Christian Pulisic, and Antonee Robinson, who happily join in. He then pans across the rest of the bus, showing the entire squad celebrating the win together.
McKennie also gave a nod to the country star in the post, writing, “Nothing better than after a win.”
Langley’s “Choosin’ Texas” continues its remarkable success on the Billboard Hot 100, where it has now spent 11 nonconsecutive weeks at No. 1. The song has also set a new milestone as the longest-running Hot 100 No. 1 by a female country artist among songs that have crossed over to Billboard’s Hot Country Songs chart.
U.S. will return to action Monday against Belgium in a highly anticipated rematch of the teams’ 2014 FIFA World Cup Round of 16 meeting, when Belgium edged the Americans 2-1 in extra time. The U.S. will be without leading striker Folarin Balogun, who is suspended after receiving a red card in Wednesday’s victory.
Here are several SAT Reading and Writing–style questions based on the Bright Prep comprehension.
Question 1: Main Idea
Which choice best states the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain why the U.S. men's national team is favored to win the World Cup.
B. To describe how Weston McKennie celebrated a World Cup victory and highlight the continued success of Ella Langley's hit song.
C. To compare the careers of Weston McKennie and Ella Langley.
D. To criticize the team's social media activity during the tournament.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: Detail
According to the passage, what did McKennie write in his social media post?
A. "We're bringing it home!"
B. "See you in the final!"
C. "Nothing better than after a win."
D. "Country music is the best."
Question 3: Inference
The passage suggests that Ella Langley's song has become associated with the U.S. team's celebration because
A. Langley performed at the World Cup.
B. multiple players enthusiastically sang along to it after the victory.
C. the song was written specifically for the team.
D. FIFA selected it as the tournament's official anthem.
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: Vocabulary in Context
As used in the sentence, "Langley's 'Choosin' Texas' continues its remarkable success...", the word remarkable most nearly means
A. ordinary
B. impressive
C. unexpected
D. temporary
Question 5: Text Structure
Why does the author include information about the song's Billboard performance?
A. To demonstrate why the song is especially notable beyond its appearance in the celebration.
B. To argue that country music is more popular than soccer.
C. To explain how Billboard rankings are calculated.
D. To suggest the song influenced the outcome of the match.
Correct Answer: A
Question 6: Evidence
Which detail best supports the idea that the team celebrated together?
A. McKennie smiled at the camera.
B. The video showed teammates singing along before panning to the rest of the squad joining the festivities.
C. The United States defeated Bosnia and Herzegovina 2-0.
D. Belgium defeated the United States in 2014.
Question 7: Synthesis
Which statement is best supported by the passage?
A. The U.S. team will have its full roster available against Belgium.
B. McKennie's social media post connected the team's victory with a song enjoying widespread commercial success.
C. Ella Langley attended the match in person.
D. Belgium has never defeated the United States in the World Cup.
Correct Answer: B
For more practice, join us at Bright Prep.
22/06/2026
Which university in Canada is best for computer science?
The University of Waterloo, the University of Toronto and the University of British Columbia consistently rank among the top Canadian universities for computer science, artificial intelligence and software engineering.
Top 10 universities in Canada for international students – Bright Prep Best universities in Canada for international students with scholarship According to the latest QS World University Rankings, Canada is home to 30 internationally recognized universities. These institutions are evaluated based on academic reputation, employer reputation, research impact, internation...
23/05/2026
On March 25, 2026, American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) and Chitkara University, India signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance collaboration. Saiful Islam vice chancellor of AIUB and Madhu Chitkara pro chancellor of Chitkara University signed the agreement during a visit that included meetings focusing on joint research, a joint PhD program, faculty and student exchanges and international conferences.
Government has decided to place Bashundhara Residential Area under the authority of Dhaka North City Corporation, ending decades of near-complete control by Bashundhara Group.
Decision was approved at a cabinet meeting on 7 May. According to officials from the Ministry of Housing and Public Works, the city corporation will now be responsible for collecting holding taxes, providing civic services and managing public facilities in the area.
For years, Bashundhara Residential Area has operated almost independently, leading many residents and observers to describe it as a “state within a state.” The private developer has managed roads, security, sanitation, playgrounds, and other services, while government agencies had limited authority there.
Residents and property owners told Prothom Alo that Bashundhara Group imposes its own rules and fees. Buyers purchasing land from private owners reportedly must pay an additional Tk 500,000 per katha to Bashundhara authorities, separate from government taxes. The company says these charges cover infrastructure development, including roads, lighting, landscaping, bridges, and maintenance.
Flat owners also pay annual service charges to the Bashundhara Welfare Society, an organization many residents believe is closely aligned with the developer.
The residential project covers around 3,500 acres and is home to more than 50,000 families. With an estimated population exceeding 210,000, it has become one of Dhaka’s largest and most influential private residential zones.
Government officials say that once the transition is complete:
the city corporation will collect property taxes,
government agencies will provide civic services,
public facilities will come under public administration,
and a separate police station may be established.
Officials also stated that Bashundhara Group and the Bashundhara Welfare Society will no longer be able to collect fees from residents outside government regulations.
The move follows renewed political attention after the BNP-led government took office earlier this year. Sources say prime minister instructed authorities in March to begin the process of bringing the area under city corporation control.
The issue had surfaced previously during the rule of the Awami League government, but no decisive action was taken.
Bashundhara authorities say they are reviewing the government’s decision and will announce their official position later. They also argue that agreements with Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha allowed them to continue managing the area until development work is completed, possibly until 2034.
However, RAJUK chairman Reazul Islam rejected that interpretation, stating that the area falls under city corporation jurisdiction and should be handed over accordingly.
The report also highlights broader concerns surrounding Bashundhara Group and its chairman Ahmed Akbar Sobhan. Following the political changes after the 2024 uprising, the Anti-Corruption Commission launched investigations into allegations of corruption, money laundering, and illegal asset accumulation involving members of the Sobhan family.
Opinions among residents remain divided. Some fear that transferring authority to the city corporation could reduce security, increase commercial activity, and damage the neighborhood’s organized environment. Others argue that private control has created a system lacking accountability, where ordinary residents face excessive fees and unequal treatment.
Urban planner Adil Muhammad Khan said that no private residential area should function as a separate governing authority, adding that completed projects should legally be handed over to the appropriate public institutions.
AIUB LLB Admission Test and SAT Reading and Writing Questions Based on the Passage
Question 1: Central Idea
Which choice best states the central idea of the passage?
A. Residents of Bashundhara Residential Area oppose all forms of government involvement.
B. The government plans to transfer control of Bashundhara Residential Area from private management to public administration.
C. Bashundhara Group has completed all development work required by law.
D. The city corporation plans to expand Bashundhara Residential Area into neighboring districts.
Correct Answer: B
Question 2: Vocabulary in Context
As used in the passage, the phrase “state within a state” most nearly means:
A. an internationally recognized independent country
B. a military-controlled territory
C. a privately controlled area operating with unusual independence from government authority
D. a region with a separate language and culture
Correct Answer: C
Question 3: Supporting Evidence
Which detail from the passage best supports the idea that Bashundhara Residential Area operated independently from government institutions?
A. The area contains more than 50,000 families.
B. The city corporation could not collect holding taxes there.
C. The project began with four blocks in 1987.
D. Residents pay annual service charges.
Correct Answer: B
Question 4: Inference
Based on the passage, why do some government officials believe Bashundhara Group is resisting the transfer of authority?
A. They believe the area is unsafe under city corporation management.
B. They want additional land for future expansion.
C. They fear losing a significant source of influence and revenue.
D. They disagree with RAJUK’s development plans.
Correct Answer: C
Question 5: Author’s Purpose
What is the primary purpose of the passage?
A. To advertise housing opportunities in Bashundhara Residential Area
B. To explain a government decision and the controversy surrounding private control of the area
C. To compare different residential projects in Dhaka
D. To argue that private housing developments should be banned
Correct Answer: B
Question 6: Command of Evidence
Which quotation best supports the claim that some residents value Bashundhara’s current management system?
A. “The city corporation cannot collect property taxes from there.”
B. “Many incidents do not come to light.”
C. “People in Bashundhara can sleep with open doors without fear of theft or robbery.”
D. “A state within a state cannot exist.”
Correct Answer: C
Question 7: Text Structure
How does the passage mainly develop its discussion?
A. By presenting a chronological history of Dhaka’s urban development
B. By comparing Bashundhara Residential Area with foreign cities
C. By describing a government decision and presenting perspectives from officials, residents, and experts
D. By focusing entirely on corruption allegations against business leaders
Correct Answer: C
Question 8: Logical Reasoning
Which consequence is most likely if Bashundhara Residential Area officially comes under city corporation control?
A. Residents will stop paying any taxes or service charges.
B. Government agencies will oversee civic administration and public services.
C. Bashundhara Group will gain greater authority over infrastructure.
D. The area will immediately become commercially unrestricted.
Correct Answer: B
17/05/2026
Representatives from American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB) attended a UNODC workshop at Eastern University to promote youth awareness, human rights and legal education.
Read more: https://brightprep.org/american-international-university-bangladesh-with-eastern-university
American International University-Bangladesh with Eastern University – Bright Prep American International University-Bangladesh with Eastern University On 02 May 2026, the Department of Law of American International University-Bangladesh participated in the “Workshop on Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants: Building a Youth Network,” held at Eastern University, Ash...
Bright Prep Verbal and General Knowledge
2026 Summer/Fall AIUB LL. B.++ Admission Test and IELTS Level MCQs
The cooling-off period aims to prevent public officials from exploiting their positions for political ______.
A. neutrality
B. advantage
C. criticism
D. hesitation
The provision seeks to strengthen accountability and safeguard institutional ______.
A. conflict
B. privilege
C. integrity
D. participation
The article argues that the current law is too broad and ______ in its application.
A. differentiated
B. calibrated
C. generalized
D. proportional
Some lower-ranking officials may not possess substantial decision-making or ______ power.
A. symbolic
B. executive
C. electoral
D. constitutional
Reserved-seat MPs are often perceived as ______ representatives because they lack a direct electoral mandate.
A. dominant
B. influential
C. secondary
D. permanent
The delay caused by the cooling-off period may discourage youth involvement and fresh ______.
A. viewpoints
B. restrictions
C. regulations
D. hierarchies
Other democratic countries usually apply cooling-off periods in a more ______ manner.
A. sweeping
B. arbitrary
C. calibrated
D. generalized
The UK mainly imposes such restrictions on ______ officials like ministers and permanent secretaries.
A. junior
B. local
C. temporary
D. senior
In the United States, regulations focus more on ethical conduct than restricting electoral ______.
A. participation
B. nomination
C. candidacy
D. appointment
The article emphasizes the principle of ______, meaning restrictions should match the level of influence held by officials.
A. neutrality
B. proportionality
C. hierarchy
D. bureaucracy
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